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Sepultura was formed in 1984 at Belo Horizonte, the capital city of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The group's initial line-up was: Max Cavalera (rhythm guitar), his younger brother Igor Cavalera (drums), Paulo Jr. (bass), Jairo Guedes (lead guitar) and Wagner Lamounier (vocals). Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records after a few years of performing. Lamounier left the band without recording on a demo due to differences in ideology. Max took over as vocalist. Their first EP was Bestial Devastation, a split album with fellow Brazilians Overdose. Their first LP was Morbid Visions (1986), which included the moderate hit "Troops Of Doom" that attracted the band some attention.[citation needed] Both albums are nowadays regarded as early milestones in the establishment of death metal. After Morbid Visions, Jairo Guedes left the band for another thrash metal venture and was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser. Their second full-length album was Schizophrenia, which was a critical success[citation needed] that led them to being contracted to Roadrunner Records.[citation needed] With Roadrunner distributing Schizophrenia worldwide, Sepultura reached new audiences of metal fans. This was cemented by 1989's Beneath the Remains, which was hailed by Terrorizer magazine as one of the all-time top 20 thrash albums[6], as well as a gaining a placing in their all-time top 40 death metal records[7]. It was followed by a long European and American tour. Their first US show was October 31, 1989 at the Ritz in New York City, opening for King Diamond. By the time they released 1991's Arise, Sepultura were located in Phoenix, Arizona and had become one of the most critically-praised metal bands of the time, in spite of a lack of mainstream success.[citation needed] This was changed by Chaos A.D. (1993), which saw a departure from the traditional thrash style, now mixing it with groove metal elements.[citation needed] The album helped form the groove metal genre and saw Sepultura achieve recognition beyond the thrash metal community.[citation needed] They continued with this on 1996's Roots, in which the band further innovated by experimenting with elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples and traditional thrash, with a slower, downtuned metal sound. The title track is probably the band's best-known song,[citation needed] and often a staple at live shows. In parallel, in 1994, Max and Igor, aided by Alex Newport of Fudge Tunnel, recorded a more industrial LP, Point Blank, under the name Nailbomb. Nailbomb played a full live set only once, and the performance was released as Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide. Nailbomb also played selected tracks live on Sepultura's 1994 tour with guests Fudge Tunnel.[citation needed] In 1996, Sepultura played on the Ozzfest main stage alongside Ozzy Osbourne, Slayer, Danzig, Biohazard, and Fear Factory. At the height of Sepultura's fame however a series of events broke the band apart. Just after the CD Roots, Sepultura decided to fire their manager, Gloria, Max Cavalera's wife. It was rumoured that there was some intra-band tension throughout the latter half of 1996,[citation needed] and at the end of a successful tour of Britain later that year, at Brixton Academy on 16th December 1996, the band told Max they would not renew Gloria's management contract. Max Cavalera left the band, and subsequently formed a new one, Soulfly. The others announced that they would continue under the Sepultura name and were searching for a replacement. Sepultura was also a guest programmer for the longest ever produced music video show, Rage, in Australia. A recording of Max's last show with the band was later released as a live album, 2002's Under A Pale Grey Sky by their former record label Roadrunner Records, against the wishes of the band. Derrick Green from Cleveland wound up filling the frontman spot, and the band released Against in 1998. Against was commercially less successful than its two predecessors,[citation needed] as was the follow-up Nation. These releases saw Sepultura move away from their previous approach of the thrash metal sound - a process already in motion in such releases as Roots, and aided by Max's departure[citation needed] - and this led to widespread criticism from the band's original fanbase.[citation needed] Subsequent releases have had a positive effect in returning praise to the band, but opinion is divided on their new direction.[citation needed] After recording Revolusongs, an EP of covers in 2002, the band released the album Roorback in 2003, which garnered many positive reviews.[citation needed] In November 2005 the live Double-DVD and Double-CD Live in São Paulo was released. This was the first official live album from the band. The release of 'Live In São Paulo' marked the first involvement of the new 'Sepularmy' street team in promotion of the bands music. The Sepularmy is unrelated to the bands record label SPV and its members are motivated purely by the desire to share the bands music with as many people as possible.[citation needed] A new album, called Dante XXI was released on March 14, 2006. It is based around Dante's The Divine Comedy. This album has been considered to be the band's best effort with Derrick Green[citation needed] and also carries some thrash influence. Although some areas of the media have criticized the album, fans have received it well.[citation needed] A music-video for the song "Convicted in Life" was released. In a recent interview, Igor stated that the band agreed to retire the Sepultura name at the conclusion of the band's current tour, but bassist Paulo Jr. has denied this report.[8] In a recent interview in Revolver Magazine, Max Cavalera stated that Igor and himself would reunite with the original lineup. There are also rumors that the newly reunited Sepultura would play on the main stage at Ozzfest 2007. However Andreas Kisser stated that there would be no reunion in 2007.[9] Andreas also stated that the band is planning a new studio album release for 2008, being the first without any Cavalera member.[10] Max Cavalera has reunited with his brother Igor in their new band Cavalera Conspiracy and have recorded an album of 'punk-inspired metal'[citation needed] due for release in February 2008. In January 2008 the band released a new music-video for the song "Ostia" from the "Dante XXI" album.