Gabriele Santini, born on January 20, 1886, in Perugia, Italy, was an Italian conductor. He began his musical studies in his hometown and Bologna, starting his career as an assistant to prominent conductors Gino Marinuzzi and Arturo Toscanini in 1906. He directed orchestras in South America for eight years before returning to Italy, where he debuted at La Scala in Milan in 1925. He became the artistic director of the Opera di Roma in 1945, serving until 1962, and performed at notable international venues such as the Royal Opera House in London and the Palais Garnier in Paris. He conducted numerous world premieres, including works by Umberto Giordano and Franco Alfano, and was particularly noted for his interpretations of the operas of Giuseppe Verdi. His notable recordings include Verdi's Don Carlo (1954) and Simon Boccanegra (1957), and his recording of Giacomo Puccini's Madame Butterfly won a Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording in 1962. He died on November 13, 1964, in Rome, Italy.
![Belini: Norma (Recorded 1958) [Live]](https://cdn-images.dzcdn.net/images/cover/5b7fb459373c89cc0593ab5faa2e6051/120x120-000000-80-0-0.jpg)