Heart Doc VIP with Dr. Joel Kahn

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses new research showing that after just 4 weeks of eating a whole-food, plant-based diet, sophisticated measures of gene activity demonstrate a reversal in aging and a reduction in inflammation. In another study, the calorie advantage of a plant-based diet is discussed, with the equation H=N/C (Health = Nutrition/Calories) proving to be a useful reminder. Finally, athletic performance in college athletes eating plant-based or omnivore diets was equivalent, which is reassuring to many. Dr. Kahn and his wife will begin their 50th year of plant-based diets in September. Other topics include more conversation on advanced glycation end products, dietary protein, finerenone for the kidneys, the top 3 modifiable risk factors for dementia and heart attacks, red hair color and heart disease, Viagra and statins for the prevention of cancer metastases, and fatty liver disease. Thanks to our sponsor, WellBean, and the discount code DrKahn15 for sponsoring this week's episode.

8/11/26 • 25:28

This week, Dr. Kahn discussed new research on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and cooking methods. High levels of AGEs promote many disease states and can be avoided with water-based cooking methods like steaming, boiling, and pressure cooking. Other topics include visceral fat loss and brain health, bitter hops extract for weight loss, the Planetary Health Diet, fructose in the diet and cancer growth, a failed study on inflammation, and the role of multivitamins in cardiac health.  Thanks to the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club and the $1 offer at getfreshDrKahn.com.

8/4/26 • 30:22

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses new data from the amazing Valter Longo, PhD, and his colleagues regarding optimizing diet for both longevity and strong muscles. In a new publication, Dr. Longo used mouse models to show that animals fed a Longevity Diet, as described in his book, lived longer. However, when moderate amounts of methionine, an amino acid, were included in the diet, frailty was avoided. He then analyzed a dataset of 200,000 health professionals in the United States and found that those consuming the highest amounts of animal protein had double the risk of type 2 diabetes, as well as higher rates of obesity and hypertension, compared with those consuming more plant protein. You can learn more about Dr. Longo's L-Protein powder (with methionine) at prolonlife.com/drkahn. Other topics include PCOS and heart disease, aortic dissection, artificial sweeteners and memory loss, optimal medical treatment for high cholesterol, GLP-1 agonist use and hair loss, TMAO and the risk of atrial fibrillation, statins and better cognitive function in women, and how plant mitochondria may improve our own cellular function. Amazing.  Thanks to the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club. Learn more at getfreshDrKahn.com.  Dr. Kahn's new book can be found here: amazon.com/dp/B0HBGJ4J59

7/28/26 • 22:45

In this bonus episode, Dr. Kahn interviews functional medicine specialist Ivan Rusilko about the importance of advanced lab panels. Together, they explore the full spectrum of cardiac lab testing, with a special focus on inflammation, insulin resistance, and how these markers can uncover hidden cardiovascular risk. If you are a health care practitioner, set up an account at accessmedlab.com. Mention the Heart Doc VIP Podcast when creating your new practitioner account to receive 50% off CardioPro™ Advanced Diagnostic Panels, providing unparalleled insights into patient health.

7/24/26 • 27:52

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses the FDA approval of the first oral PCSK9 inhibitor, Lipfendra (enclicitide), taken as a 20 mg daily tablet. In a study of nearly 3,000 patients with elevated LDL cholesterol despite treatment with statins and, in many cases, ezetimibe, LDL-C dropped by more than 50% while Lipoprotein(a) levels fell by 28%, with an excellent safety profile. The medication is expected to retail for approximately $315 per month and will be available in pharmacies soon. A larger outcomes trial evaluating its impact on heart attack and stroke rates is currently underway. Other topics include oatmeal for diabetes, avocados for cholesterol, ketogenic diets and cancer, serotonin and heart valve disease, air pollution and cardiovascular events, and the relationship between sweetened beverages, fruit juice, and high blood pressure. Dr. Kahn also mentions the air filtration system he uses at home and in his office, available at: airdoctorpro.com Finally, thanks to this week's sponsor, the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club. Learn more at getfreshDrKahn.com.

7/21/26 • 23:30

This week, Dr. Joel Kahn explores important new research showing how elevated inflammation, measured by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), may dramatically increase cardiovascular risk in people with high Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a). He explains why IL-6 is emerging as an important biomarker and reviews the other inflammation tests he routinely uses at the Kahn Center, including hs-CRP, MPO, Lp-PLA2, NT-proBNP, fibrinogen, ferritin, the sedimentation rate, and the white blood cell count. Dr. Kahn also discusses Lilly's newly approved oral weight loss medication, the ABCDEF framework for cardiovascular prevention, the growing evidence linking erectile dysfunction and sleep apnea to heart disease, new research on cannabis use and coronary artery plaque, and intriguing early findings on creatine's potential role in supporting the immune system and anti-tumor activity. Finally, thanks to this week's sponsor, the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club. Visit getfreshDrKahn.com to take advantage of their special introductory offer and experience the health benefits of fresh, polyphenol-rich olive oil.

7/14/26 • 31:29

Dr. Joel Kahn explores the latest science on supplements that may help slow or reverse atherosclerosis, building on a recent discussion from Simon Hill's The Proof podcast. He takes a closer look at the evidence behind vitamin K2, niacin, pycnogenol with centella asiatica, beta-cyclodextrin, and bergamot, explaining where the research is strongest and what it could mean for heart health. Additional topics include new research on nutrient deficiencies to watch for in vegan diets, the potential kidney risks of certain calcium channel blockers, the health benefits of onions, advanced plaque measurements from coronary CT angiography, the connection between periodontal disease and kidney disease, and how fasting-mimicking diets may improve gum health. Dr. Kahn also reviews encouraging early results from an emerging Lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapy that could reduce the need for lipoprotein apheresis.  Dr. Kahn is leading a group PROLON fasting-mimicking diet beginning this Sunday, July 12, and continuing for five days. A PROLON kit is required and can be purchased at prolonlife.com/drkahn. The NextGen version is recommended.  Finally, a giant thanks to this week's sponsor, Igennus. Learn more at igennus.com/drkahn.

7/7/26 • 29:15

This week, Dr. Kahn reviews important new research showing that the commonly prescribed antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) may disrupt cholesterol metabolism, injure the endothelium (the delicate lining of arteries), and potentially increase cardiovascular risk. He also examines growing evidence linking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and several common cancer therapies to endothelial damage, emphasizing that patients should always discuss the risks and benefits of these medications with their healthcare team rather than stopping treatment on their own. Other topics include new Harvard research showing that combining aerobic exercise, strength training, and less time spent watching television can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by up to 60%; promising data on niacin for glioblastoma brain cancer; predicting statin-related muscle injury; the protective effects of plant-based diets against heart disease, dementia, and several cancers; tea consumption and lower cardiovascular risk; vitamin K-rich leafy greens and lung health; whole grains and breast cancer prevention; and the latest research on red meat, inflammatory bowel disease, and hypertension.  Thanks to igennus.com/drkahn for this week's podcast sponsorship featuring their vegan Super B Complex.

6/30/26 • 24:46

Can a simple gratitude practice improve your heart health? This week, Dr. Kahn explores the growing science linking gratitude to better well-being, improved sleep, lower inflammation, and even enhanced cardiac function. He shares his own gratitude practices and offers practical ways to incorporate them into daily life.  Also covered in this episode: how adherence to Life's Essential 8 is associated with longevity, even among the ultra-elderly; the importance of identifying cholesterol hyperabsorbers; the connection between obesity and cancer risk; the relationship between sleep apnea and Lipoprotein(a); why strength training is especially important for women; and the link between hypothyroidism and elevated homocysteine levels.  Thanks to IGENNUS for their support of this episode, featuring their vegan Pro-Collagen Powder. Learn more at igennus.com/drkahn.

6/23/26 • 27:47

In this special 500th episode of Heart Doc VIP, Dr. Joel Kahn reflects on the personal and professional journey that shaped his 36-year career in cardiology and preventive medicine. From his childhood in Detroit and medical training at the University of Michigan to founding the Kahn Center for Cardiac Longevity, Dr. Kahn shares the mentors, experiences, and lessons that influenced his approach to patient care. He also reviews new research on heart disease mortality in the United States, vitamin K2 and coronary artery calcium progression, plant-based diets for chronic kidney disease, factors influencing carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and emerging advances in calcium scoring technology.  Thank you to Igennus for sponsoring this milestone episode. Visit Igennus.com/DrKahn and use code DRKAHN for savings on their vegan-certified supplements.

6/16/26 • 31:05

In Episode 499, Dr. Joel Kahn explores the growing importance of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) testing as a powerful tool for assessing cardiovascular risk. He reviews new research highlighting why ApoB may provide a more complete picture of atherosclerosis risk than traditional cholesterol measurements alone and explains how it relates to LDL-C and Lp(a). Dr. Kahn also discusses several noteworthy studies in preventive medicine and longevity, including research linking GLP-1 medications to lower cancer risk, the potential DNA-protective effects of melatonin, and new findings on stroke and clot prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Additional topics include the relationship between very low Lp(a) levels and diabetes risk, the benefits of organic produce for breast cancer prevention, Pilates training for blood pressure management, and the connection between processed meat consumption and gastrointestinal cancers. The episode concludes with a look at Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an important marker involved in vascular health and cardiovascular disease, along with a discussion of Vinia grape powder and its potential role in lowering ET-1 levels. Thanks to Igennus.com and their Triple Vitamin K Complex using the discount code DrKahn

6/9/26 • 29:50

Dr. Joel Kahn dives into a groundbreaking Phase 1 trial of Verve 102, a one-time intravenous gene-editing treatment that silences the PCSK9 gene to produce lasting LDL cholesterol reduction. Among 35 participants, the high-dose group saw LDL drop by 62% with mostly mild side effects — promising results, though Phase 2 and 3 trials and 15 years of follow-up still lie ahead. Also covered: updated colorectal cancer screening guidelines now starting at age 45, healthy lifestyle habits cutting mortality risk in cancer survivors by one-third, real-world weight regain data after stopping GLP-1 medications, why your B12 "normal" range may be too low, a blood test that may predict Alzheimer's years in advance, and a longevity preparedness tool from MIT AgeLab. Sponsored by Igennus — visit igennus.com/drkahn for 20% off.

6/2/26 • 31:14

In this episode of HeartDoc VIP, Dr. Joel Kahn breaks down the newly released — but not yet fully published — results from the highly anticipated Triumph-1 study on retatrutide, an investigational weight loss medication that's already generating major buzz in the cardiometabolic world. The reported weight loss results at 80 and 104 weeks are remarkable, with side effects appearing consistent with other medications in this class, including semaglutide and tirzepatide. Dr. Kahn discusses what's known so far, what questions still remain, and why the full peer-reviewed publication is so important before drawing final conclusions on risks and benefits. FDA approval may not be far away. Other topics in this packed episode include the troubling rise in fatal heart attacks among younger adults, a modified Mediterranean diet linked to lower diabetes risk, the connection between food preservatives and heart disease, atrial fibrillation in athletes, nitric oxide's role in brain health, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk, and how the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 score may predict diabetes risk in women. Thanks to Igennus for sponsoring this episode. Visit their site and use promo code DRKAHN to save on high-quality supplements.

5/26/26 • 29:23

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses Bryan Johnson's efforts to reverse his "biological age" and the 41 lessons he has shared along the way. These are valuable insights that Dr. Kahn largely endorses. Other topics include the sit-to-stand test; how PCOS can become PMOS; therapies for Peyronie's disease and PSA testing; plant-based diets and aging; plant-based diets during pregnancy; pregnancy complications; and the cardiac health of offspring.  A big thanks to Igennus for supporting the podcast. Use discount code DrKahn to save on the BeKind line of plant-based nutritional products.

5/19/26 • 21:24

This week, Joel Kahn, MD, dives into fascinating new research on aged garlic extract and its potential role in healthy aging, muscle function, and cardiovascular wellness. He reviews a recent study showing how aged garlic extract improved muscle and aging markers in mice while also activating the NAMPT pathway in humans, which may help boost NAD+ production. Dr. Kahn also breaks down several newer studies highlighting the cardiovascular benefits of aged garlic extract, a supplement he's used at the Kahn Center for more than a decade. He discusses the specific Kyolic formula available here: Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Additional topics include dietary nitrates from greens and nitric oxide production, the Mediterranean diet and longevity, high-intensity interval training and heart health, visual acuity and lifespan, plant-based diets and breast cancer outcomes, and the connection between poor sleep and survival rates.  This episode is brought to you by VINIA and their line of heart-supporting products.

5/12/26 • 27:45

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses his long-standing interest in the amino acid glycine and its potential health benefits. Sleep is a key focus, highlighted by a new report on the widespread difficulty adults face in getting a full night's rest. Glycine may also offer favorable cardiovascular support. Additional topics include coffee and aging, methamphetamines and heart attacks, Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk, yoga and overall health, a tribute to Eugene Braunwald, MD, TMAO and atherosclerosis, and a new study on the benefits of adopting heart-healthy habits early in life.  Thanks to the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club and the special discount offer at getfreshdrkahn.com

5/5/26 • 28:34

This week, Dr. Kahn reviews new data from the Global Burden of Disease study analyzing the relationship between diet and death from heart disease. In 2023, an estimated 5.9 million deaths worldwide were linked to poor dietary choices, led by excessive sodium intake and insufficient consumption of fruit and whole grains. It's a fascinating and important study with clear takeaways. Other topics include stents for angina, causes of sudden cardiac death, daytime napping and health outcomes, plastic-free diets, PCSK9 inhibitors vs. statins, calcium supplements, and the purity of fish oil samples. Thanks to the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club. Visit getfreshdrkahn.com for an incredible introductory offer.

4/28/26 • 20:58

This week, Dr. Kahn addresses a topic gaining attention in the media: whether taking the shingles vaccine (Shingrix in the USA) may reduce the risk of heart events and dementia. Multiple studies suggest this could be true, although no randomized trials have been performed to confirm it. Furthermore, most of these studies focus on a version of the vaccine that was discontinued in the U.S. in 2020 (Zostavax), making the assumption that Shingrix provides the same benefits somewhat speculative. This is a topic worth discussing with your primary care team. Other topics include controversies in nutrition, B vitamins and stroke risk, and the impact of medications for mild dementia.  This episode is sponsored by the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club at getfreshdrkahn.com, featuring a limited $1 offer on high-quality olive oils.

4/21/26 • 29:09

This week, Dr. Kahn dives into heart disease in "masters athletes," highly active individuals over 35 who train and compete at a serious level. Despite their fitness, research shows they may face equal—or even higher—rates of cardiovascular issues like arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and aortic dilation. A new consensus statement breaks down what to watch for and recommends advanced screening like EKGs, coronary calcium scans, and detailed blood work. Beyond that, Dr. Kahn shares insights from his own recent mitral valve surgery recovery and explores why common heart risk calculators often miss people who go on to have heart attacks. He highlights better testing options, including coronary calcium scoring, and discusses a study showing most heart attack patients would have been labeled "low risk" using standard tools.  The episode also covers research on plant-based diets lowering dementia risk and reducing environmental impact, plus findings that avocados and mangos may improve vascular health. Sleep gets a spotlight too, with evidence that irregular sleep patterns can double heart attack risk, and that both too little and too much sleep may increase dementia risk. This episode is sponsored by the Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club at getfreshdrkahn.com , featuring a limited $1 offer on high-quality olive oils.

4/14/26 • 22:30

This week, Dr. Kahn shares an update on his recovery following robotic mitral valve repair surgery at the Cleveland Clinic. Just 10–12 days post-op, he walks through his experience—from diagnosis and testing to surgery with Marc Gillinov, MD.  He covers the procedure, time in the ICU, and early recovery milestones, along with what's next in his healing journey. Thanks to Igennus for sponsoring this episode—visit igennus.com and use code DrKahn.

4/7/26 • 25:53

This week, Dr. Kahn shares exciting updates from the American College of Cardiology meeting, highlighting several new trials focused on reducing heart events in patients with diabetes and those with established heart disease. The results are promising and could help prevent strokes, heart attacks, and even save lives. Additional topics include vegan diets and cancer risk, heart disease in police officers, the link between Alzheimer's disease and statins, concerns around erythritol sweeteners, Lp(a) levels in stent patients, niacin for fatty liver disease, and the role of beta blockers after heart attacks.  This episode is brought to you by Igennus Healthcare Nutrition—formulators of high-quality, science-backed supplements designed for optimal absorption and effectiveness. Their products are rigorously tested and trusted by health professionals worldwide. Visit igennus.com and use code DrKahn to save on your order.

4/3/26 • 28:08

What if a quick, painless ultrasound could reveal your true vascular age? In this bonus episode of Heart Doc VIP, host Dr. Joel Kahn sits down with Joseph Ence to discuss CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness)—a simple, non-invasive test used in over 5,000 research studies over the past 20+ years to measure plaque and thickness in the carotid arteries. Safe and radiation-free, this ultrasound provides valuable insight into your cardiovascular health by estimating your "vascular age."  They also explore how targeted interventions—like lifestyle changes, supplements, and medications—may help improve—and even reverse—vascular age.

3/31/26 • 29:23

This week, Dr. Kahn breaks down new research on dementia risk, including the roles of high blood pressure and early menopause. He looks at conflicting studies on red meat and ApoE4, which pretty much sums up nutrition science: one study says yes, another says absolutely not. For now, limiting red meat—especially processed—is still the safest move. He also covers the risks of skipping breakfast, calcium CT scoring for elevated lipoprotein(a), tooth loss and heart disease, long-term clopidogrel use after stents, ultraprocessed foods, Repatha and statins, Cleerly AI scans, micro-exercise breaks, and why elevated TMAO may increase blood clot risk.  This episode is sponsored by Igennus. Visit igennus.com and use code DRKAHN for a discount.

3/24/26 • 32:20

The replay of the 4th Reversing Heart Disease Summit is going on now. Register here: drtalks.com/summits/reversing-heart-disease This week, Dr. Kahn addresses the newly published 2026 guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), which will be studied and used by medical professionals all over the world. The top 10 takeaways are presented and are similar to the approach used at the Kahn Center for over a decade. Other topics include the challenge of staying vegan, the influence of cold temperatures on aortic dissection, the development of clogged arteries after a normal heart artery CT scan, the role of olive oil on the brain, red light therapy and music and the autonomic nervous system, plant-based diets and TMAO, bacteria and the brain, the role of a low uric acid level, the advantages of Eliquis over Xarelto in a new trial, and the FDA inquiry into the maker of Wegovy and Ozempic.  Thanks to Igennus.com for their support. Use the discount code DrKahn to save.

3/17/26 • 34:46

The 4th Reversing Heart Disease Summit began March 7, 2026. There will be a replay available, and the event is free to attend online. Register here: drtalks.com/summits/reversing-heart-disease This week, Dr. Kahn addresses the recurring posts on social media about nattokinase supplements as a "powerhouse" for reversing atherosclerosis. Is there new data? Is it powerful? Would mainstream medicine accept it? Should you use it? These questions and more are addressed.  Other topics include the risks of sleep apnea with insomnia, sleep duration and glucose control, possible risks of spermidine, and the happy feeling that eating flavanol-rich foods like grapes can give you.  Thanks to Igennus.com for their support. Use the discount code DrKahn to save.

3/10/26 • 26:54

Join Dr. Kahn for the 4th Reversing Heart Disease Summit beginning March 7, 2026. The event is free to attend online. Register here: drtalks.com/summits/reversing-heart-disease This week, Dr. Kahn reviews new research examining the connection between red meat consumption and the risk of diabetes, elevated cholesterol, and cancer. He also discusses findings from a large study showing that vegetarian diets are associated with a lower risk of several types of cancer.  Additional topics include emerging treatments for Lipoprotein(a), the role of coronary CT angiography in women and in individuals with a family history of heart disease, newly identified predictors of cardiovascular risk in women, dietary patterns that support brain health, and screening strategies to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest in young athletes.  Thanks to Igennus. Visit igennus.com and use the discount code DrKahn for savings on their products.

3/3/26 • 23:04

This week, Dr. Kahn discusses his current health challenge: a leaky mitral valve due to mitral valve prolapse, a condition of unknown cause that is unrelated to lifestyle or diet. He reviews data on mitral valve surgery, comparing repair to replacement, as well as the current availability of robotic surgery and its advantages. He plans to keep the Heart Doc VIP community updated on his status and is feeling great day to day. Short topics this week include wine, olive oil, plant-based diets for breast cancer, Life's Essential 8, the health of babies raised in vegan families, and new data on Lipoprotein(a).  Thanks to Igennus. Use the discount code DRKAHN at igennus.com .

2/24/26 • 29:48

This week on Heart Doc VIP, Dr. Joel Kahn takes a deep dive into one of the most influential research projects in cardiovascular history: the Framingham Heart Study. Launched in 1948 and still going strong, this landmark study helped identify many of the risk factors we now take for granted, including smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and physical inactivity. Much of what modern cardiology considers "common knowledge" about prevention started in Framingham. Dr. Kahn also explores practical and emerging topics in heart health, including the role of magnesium and berberine supplementation, how to approach both low-carb and low-fat diets in a healthy way, and concerns about long-term proton pump inhibitor use. Additional discussion covers EECP therapy and strategies to improve coronary blood flow, along with the potential benefits of ezetimibe for cholesterol reduction and brain health. Thank you to this week's sponsor, Igennus. Visit igennus.com and use code DRKAHN for a special discount.

2/17/26 • 24:22

This week, Dr. Kahn breaks down a new paper examining the risks and reported side effects of statins—including the surprising finding that placebo alone is linked to many of the same symptoms. He also covers an oral PCSK9 inhibitor currently under study and what it could mean for cholesterol management. The episode then dives into the latest research on emerging therapies designed to lower lipoprotein(a), including a real-world case study that highlights where this rapidly evolving field is headed.  Shorter discussions include heart disease at a young age, why so many patients fail to reach blood pressure treatment goals, aspirin use one year after AFib ablation, skeletal muscle as an endothelial stabilizer, and why exercise variety may be one of the most powerful risk reducers we have.  Thanks to WellBean for sponsoring the show. Save on their delicious bean-based products at wellbean.life with code DrKahn15.  Dr. Kahn will also be leading a free online seminar on cholesterol on February 17, 2026 at 7 PM EST with Forks Over Knives. Register HERE.

2/10/26 • 28:29

This week, Dr. Kahn discussed a case study involving a 30-year-old man with newly discovered, very high cholesterol. The implications of heart disease in young adults—backed by a recent paper from the CARDIA study group—suggest that early intervention, beginning with lifestyle changes, should be offered, along with follow-up lab testing. The Portfolio Diet plan would be a strong starting point on the journey toward a more plant-based diet. Other topics covered include the risks of diet soda, the health impacts of being a night owl, coffee consumption for atrial fibrillation patients, the role of genetics in longevity, plant-based diets for kidney health, and red light therapy for brain illness and trauma.  Thanks to getfreshDRKAHN.com for the $1 offer on a bottle of fresh-pressed olive oil from some of the finest estates. EXTENDED SHOWNOTES:  Dr. Kahn also touched on several additional topics during the episode. He discussed olive oil tasting and shipping, encouraging listeners to sign up before the current shipment from Italy ends and explaining how tasting fresh olive oil helps assess quality. Red light therapy came up in the context of brain injury, including a study showing potential benefits from nasal exposure in college athletes with repeated head trauma. He also mentioned advocacy efforts to promote routine coronary calcium scoring starting at age 45. Several studies on diet and longevity were reviewed, including research showing that plant-forward diets are associated with better kidney health and that genetics may account for up to 50% of longevity—though lifestyle choices still matter greatly. Dr. Kahn also covered caffeine and heart rhythm, noting research where coffee consumption was linked to fewer episodes of atrial fibrillation, while diet soda was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Finally, he discussed sleep patterns, citing data suggesting that night owls face higher cardiovascular risks than early risers.

2/3/26 • 32:45